URUGUAY

Located Uruguay southeast of helping American South, extending its territory between latitudes 30 degrees and 35 degrees south of the equator, bordering the Atlantic [t], which bordered on the south-east facade length of about 193 km, and overlooking the Gulf of Reodolablata which bordered on the south facade length of about 378 km . The Uruguay River forms the natural western border with Argentina [t] a length of up to 435 km, and is bordered by Brazil [t] from the north and north-east. Up to a maximum breadth of the Uruguay from the north to the south to about 565 km versus 478 km for the maximum breadth of it from east to west. The area amounts to 176.215 km 2, and a population of 3,266,000 people in 1997, and its capital, Montevideo, and official language of Spain.

 Physical Geography

 Terrain: a territory of Uruguay southern fringes of the maddening Brazilian component of the rocks crystallized, and overcome the territorial nature of plains, and scattered in a series of hills, ridges overlooking the surrounding plains of altitudes not exceeding 500 m above sea level, and Tkhadddha a dense network of rivers that are its waters in the bottoms of valleys and wide, and along the coastal strip, trapped between the Brazilian border the north and the city Colnah Colonia, located in the heart of the Gulf of Reodolablata south, stretching fields and wide range of sand dunes, which penetrate each other to a distance of ten kilometers toward the interior, as the activity of coastal erosion following the decline in structural which was subjected to the southern plateau's Atlantic here led to a deepening of the features of indentation coast of Uruguay and imposed, while the crumbs and debris resulting from the activity Hitti mentioned formed a series of ropes sandy coastal turned bays deeper to the marshes (lakes, coastal) urgent Lagune separated from each other swords sand (Blajat), and in the center of the country extends a large artificial lake formed by water impounded behind the levee on the river Rionegro Raoaurgoia which feed the river from its bank to the left after passing through the country from the north-east to south-west.

 Geological structure: show rocks naturalized Brazilian evolving in different parts of the east of Uruguay and southern-shaped islets, or patches dominated by granitic rocks, which the camshafts and the hills overlooking the plains provinces of Minas Minas and Maldonado Maldonado especially, as encountered here are some hills composed of rocks Algnaess belonging to the Pre-Cambrian (Alpricambri). And rocks crystallized the old covered in the north west of the country with layers sedimentary thick overcome depositions Algdharyh Alhestah, and deposits the rocks and sandstone belonging to the periods of the first geological, in addition to clay ovary caused by the fragmentation of rock surface and disintegrate under the impact of erosion and weathering of physics, and deposits with the origin of Aeolian and private colloids Balkhtherat rich limestone, and river Allhakaat accumulated at the bottom of depressions. And take the center of the country and western look Hillaa Maúdia deposits dominated by red sandstone rocks and basaltic Aldiabaz and membranes belonging to the second geological periods, which are covered in some parts of thin layers of limestone belonging to the third geological periods.

 Climate and water: prevailing climate is semi-tropical Atlantic in half the southern hemisphere in most parts of the country, and is characterized by sophistication moderate, with an average annual temperature here about 23 ° C, and summer, a nice heat, and winter is warm, but may fall Abanha temperature below zero in the season winds Pampero southern cold caused by snow, too, and that openness Uruguay on the Atlantic Ocean waterfront long contribute to high rates of rainfall distributed to the days of the year regularly, relatively long rains max is evident in the spring, and increasing rates of precipitation from the southern the country, which receives 1000 mm / year to the northern areas that receive rates exceeding 1200 mm / year.

 The surface water, it is a number of marshes (coastal lakes) the urgent, the most important lakes in south-east coast, and Lake Merin Merin that are part of the north-eastern border with Brazil, in addition to Rionegro artificial lake with fresh water in the middle of the country. Uruguay has a dense network of rivers is composed of the following rivers: rivers and Aaguaron Sapolata who pour into Lake Mirren, and River Rionegro which feed the river Uruguay, as well as a tributary of the left bank of the River Uruguay itself.

 Flora and Alouhich: Located in Uruguay in the reach of tropical plants have modern, where, Hachath savannas (Campos Campos) on the hills of Parana whole, and in most parts of South-West, located on the edge of basin Rionegro, as largesse savannah subtropical interspersed with shrubs scattered over the soil red and black, and grasses grow in areas of poor soils comprising natural pastures are valid throughout the year. And along river valleys, stretching tapes tree forest made up a real, as is the case in the lower reaches of the Rionegro, at the foot of slopes and rocky slopes with concrete in the north sub-tropical forests grow. In the coastal sectors and areas dominated by sand dunes and shrubs bestow Alondjem spinal and those that accept the salinity, these sectors have been planted recently Balsnoberaat diverse.

 The Alouhich the retreat in Uruguay in recent years to expand the perceived in the area of ​​agricultural land, and the expansion of natural pasture, so were left in the day but some animals and wild birds Kaloaul, ostriches, and some wild animals, reptiles, rodents and multiple varieties of ants, there are too many fish in the waters of rivers and lakes freshwater.

 Human Geography

 The number of residents of Uruguay increased very much in the last two centuries the nineteenth century, has jumped from 30,000 people in 1800 to one million people in 1908, to 3 million people in 1986, and rose to 3,266,000 in 1997, and attributed this increase was due to the flows of migrants, which I arrived to the country and settled in after the age of discoveries geographical, and continued this flow even the thirties of the twentieth century, and reflected the situation the day after it began emigration represented to leave significant numbers of the workforce of the country heading towards Argentina and the United States of America and the Spanish, Brazil, Venzuelh.

 The formed elements of Spanish, Italian, French, most of the elements that came to the country, in addition to Arab elements that arrived after the First World War, especially imported from the Levant. The items are white almost 90% of the population of Uruguay, and the rest is composed of elements Alkhlasah mestizo and Negro that inhabit the interior.

 This was reflected economic development enjoying great Uruguay on cultural conditions, health, social and demographic of the population, so that it could be rating the country in the group of advanced countries, as percentage of learners in which 94% of the population, covering health services, nearly 80% of the total population, and where one doctor per 500 inhabitants and a hospital bed for every 250 inhabitants, while the average age has reached 71 years for men and 75 years for women who comprise 50.7% of the population. The annual rate of births has reached 17 thousand only (in 1997) compared to 10 per thousand of death, and on this the rate of natural increase of population of seven thousand only after that was 10 per thousand, while the annual rate of child mortality does not exceed 18 per thousand. And conditions of the demographic above, the age pyramid in Uruguay take a look different from the pyramids of age the rest of the helping American Latin, do not exceed the proportion of children under the age of 15 years in Alawragoae 27% versus 11% of the population over the age of 65 years, and therefore thethe proportion of the adult population (except the Senate) up to 62% of the population.

 The density of the general population, it more than 18 inhabitants / km 2, with the population distributed in widely distributed heterogeneous across the whole country, with high density in the south of the country, particularly in the departments of Montevideo and Canelones and Colnah and Salto and Pisando, San Jose, also live about 85% of the population of Uruguay in major cities by the rate of population growth between 1980 and 1986 to about 90 per thousand, and most important cities: Montevideo, the capital, which was built in 1726 and a population of about 1.3 million people making up about 41% of the total population of Uruguay, followed by Pisando and Salto and Mercedes and Colnah and Artigas and Rivera.

 Economic Geography

 Is Uruguay, a country with economy of agricultural, industrial and developing an integrated relatively economy depends primarily on the export of agricultural products and animal products, processed, so the experience of foreign trade prosperous and active is increased, and the total national income in 1997 to about $ 20 billion, and this is the medium Annual per capita income to 6130 dollars, and its trade balance loser, reaching the total value of exports in 1998 was about 2768 million against $ 3808 million for the imports, however, Uruguay suffers the burden of external debt, amounting in 1997 to 6.652 billion dollars, and make up the workforce for about 25 % of the total male population of the country constitutes about 71% of them, note that more than 75% of the workforce working with the conduct of others. The most important aspects of economic activity in Uruguay:

Trade and transportation: dependent of foreign trade in Uruguay on the export of agricultural and animal products different, including meat, equivalent to about 21% of the total value of exports, and leather, which covers 13.3% of the total value of exports, compared to 25.5% for Wool, and 3.13% for grain farming, and about 26.9% for other materials scattered mainly timber, live animals, fish, and some agricultural products, cement, leather, textile, and in the field of imports compose crude oil, about 37% of the total value of imports of Uruguay, compared with 19.5% of the products, chemical, and 16% for transportation equipment, methods, and 4.6% of the products and minerals, and 22.9% for the other materials.

 The most important countries that export their products to Uruguay, Brazil, Iran, Argentina and the United States, Germany, Egypt, and import needs of the Nigerian, Brazil, Iran, Argentina and the United States, Germany and the Republic of Russian Federation and some countries in Eastern Europeanization.

In the field of internal transport depends Uruguay on transportation, land primarily, as linked to centers of human and economic major in the country with a network of motorways asphalt good, over a total length of 52,297 km including 2484 km of roads, broad fast through helping American South, and maintained or used by around 230,000 cars a tourist and 150,000 small truck, and up along the rail network to about 3005 km.

And exploits the Uruguay River, on which the port and the port of Fray Pisando Pintos in river navigation, is also Carsco International Airport on the outskirts of Montevideo, the most important airports at all.

Manifestations of civilization and culture:

 Affected by the Uruguay appearances of civilization and cultural and literary Spanish, Italian, and is still a small part of Indian culture which represented the old songs and nasheeds

 Uruguay is in the countries of helping American South advanced scientifically and culturally. And includes a number of universities, institutes and technical schools of various specialized sciences.The capital in the most important scientific and cultural centers in the country, has established the University of the Republic in 1849, which includes the faculties of Arts and medicine, economics, agriculture, and caused by the competent institutions and the arts, music libraries and social services. Republic has seen a major scientific development after the establishment of the University of Technical Sciences in Montevideo (1942), which specialized in applied science, and institutes of technical and commercial, industrial and agricultural. In the capital, government institutes, specialized studies, geographical, historical, medical, pharmaceutical, and a special institute for Atomic Energy (1955).