PANAMA

Republic of Panama is one of the countries of Central America, enjoys a strategic location relates its distinctive between the North and South America, in addition to its control of the Panama Canal, which constitute an important link between the Atlantic Ocean north and south Pacific.

The Republic of Panama in Central America, surrounded by both the Caribbean and the Atlantic Ocean to the north, the Pacific Ocean from the south, and between each of the Columbia from the south-east, and north-west of Costa Rica.

Forming aspects of the surface state of Panama through a number of geographical segments, including Department of the Central Highlands, extends the mountains of Panama to the north-west of Costa Rica to the south-east and between which the fertile plains that provide a patch agricultural and wide, and mostly on the territory of the Republic of Panama nature of volcanic and traveled by waterways and by moving westward to the Pacific Ocean, or east towards the Caribbean Sea.

 The area of ​​lowland coastal along the coast of Panama on the Atlantic Ocean and the coastline on the Pacific and the large tracts of fertile land, and there are a number of islands off the coast of Panama, numbering about 800 island of the largestislands of penitentiary, and Ray, located both islands on the coast of Panama on the Pacific the Pacific.

 And contain Panama on many rivers and up to 500 River and in spite of the large rivers, but there is only one river navigable, a river Rudolf and being in the eastern part of Panama, The Lakes, there are no out great, only Lake Gatun, which has an area of ​​420 km, which created following the construction of the Panama Canal and is part of the canal corridor.

 Of the highest mountain peaks in Panama, the summit of Mount de Bolkan Serreqi and a height of 3475 meters above sea level.

Cut the famous Panama Canal Vtksmha half of the state to the part east and part west, and concentrated 98% of the population near the channel, especially in the western part of them.

Varied climate Panama diversity of chapters so hot and humid overcast during the rainy season from May to January, and becomes dry during the dry season extends from January to May, the average temperatures in the low-lying areas around 27 degrees Celsius, while in the mountains, lowering the temperature to 19 degrees Celsius, and the amount of rainfall that occurs in the part facing the Atlantic from Panama at about 380 cm, while in the part facing the Pacific Ocean about 175 centimeters per year.

System of government of the Republic of Panama's democratic constitutional head of state President of the Republic who is also head of government, the government is represented in the Council of Ministers, which is nominated by the President, is elected president and vice president together in the popular vote to extend presidential term to five years.

The legislative body of the Council and one Legislative Council and is composed of 71 senators elected by direct popular vote for five years.The highest judicial authority in Panama in the High Court of Justice and composed of nine judges are appointed for ten years, and five high courts, three courts of appeal.

There is also a state political party system of the Republic of Panama Ernulfista Party, the party of civil renewal, change the Democratic Party, the Democratic Revolutionary Party, National Liberal Party, National Movement for Renewal and other other parties.

Panama has been the discovery and occupation by the Spaniards during the sixteenth century AD, and then managed to get its independence in 1821, and became one of the provinces of Colombia, with the help of the United States was able to Panama separation from Colombia in the third of November 1903.

Panama has signed with the United States under the Treaty is to allow the hard-American Panama Canal and to impose its sovereignty over the sector of land adjacent to both sides of the channel, and digging the canal took ten years in the period between 1904 to 1914.

After a series of negotiations between the United States and Panama signed a treaty on the seventh of September 1977, whereby the transfer of ownership of the Canal from America to Panama by the year 1999, and has already been implementing the Convention and the ownership of the canal to Panamanian control in December 31, 1999.

There Panama many manifestations tourist distinctive gathered between forests, islands and beaches along the both the Atlantic and Pacific, is the capital of Panama on the shores of the Pacific is the political, administrative and cultural heritage of the country, have been classified in the old city ​​with as a World Heritage was selected to be the capital of American culture in 2003.

One of the main features of the state "Panama Canal" and that link between the Atlantic and Pacific, and frequent rain forest when the Canal Zone and Panama is one of the largest of American States to contain the natural reserves, whether plant or animal that thrives, and so as a magnet for many tourists from amateur nature, and do not suffer from the Panama people are rushing to the hunting of animals and birds, which opened the way to increase the types of animals, birds, and prosperity.

Going back to talk about the Panama Canal we find democracy and one of the most important bodies of water in it is a waterway cross the Isthmus of Panama, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific, and extends the channel for a distance of 80 kilometers from the city of Panama on the Pacific coast, and even Colombia, the Atlantic, and to express to about 120 a thousand ships a year, and this channel is of great importance has been on ships before constructed to sail around South America, has served thousands of workers in this channel for ten full years before it was opened in 1914, and the United States was behind the creation of this channel, which amounted to the cost of generated US $ 380 million.