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Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in Western Asia located on the east bank of the Mediterranean. Bounded on the north of Lebanon, Syria, and north-east and east of Jordan to the south-west Egypt, as it occupies the West Bank adjacent to Jordan in the east and the Gaza Strip in the south-west along the Mediterranean and Egypt. Established the State of Israel on May 14 / May 1948 where it was announced by the Jewish Council of the Zionist Palestine day complement of the British Mandate period by decision of the United Nations and the Government of Britain, and under war between Arabs and Jews, the Zionists have resulted in the Palestinian Nakba and the extermination of many Palestinian towns and villages where Most of its inhabitants became refugees in the West Bank and Gaza Strip and in some Arab countries or internally displaced, in Israel. The State of Israel declared its goal to receive the Jews who were deported from eastern Europe during World War II and settled in the Jewish state, as well as reception of Jews from all over the world. And thus became the only country in the world with the majority of the Jewish religious day.

History of ancient Israel:

Settled the tribes of Israel Alabranjo originally the land of Canaan, from the sixth century BC [doubt], where the Jews Alasrion attributed to them and consider themselves the land of Canaan eternal home for them. At the end of the second millennium BC, the Kingdom of Israel was formed and then split into two kingdoms did not hold them through history, but the kingdom of Judah, which collapsed at the beginning of the first century AD. In the first century BC the Romans made the kingdom of Judah and part of the empire after the rebellion of the Jews to them twice in the first century and in the second century AD, Jews were stripped of their priority in the country and adopted the name of Palestine instead of the name Judah official of the province of the empire. Since then, the shrinking number of Jews in the country quickly. And the name of Palestine is due to the people of the old cotton Filstina south-western part of the country. Came the caliphate and Islamic conquests came with it included the Islamic conquest of Palestine in the seventh century AD and was at the time of Umar ibn al-Khattab.

In the Torah and Jewish heritage is the name of "Israel" alternative name to Jacob, and show the story of Jacob, renamed Israel in Genesis 32:25

Jacob remained alone, Vsarah man until dawn. 26 And when he saw that it is not up to Jacob in this conflict, and hit the right thigh Vankhala. 27 and said to Jacob: «dawn Vatercna!» Jacob said: «not leave you even bless me». 28 The man said: «What is your name?» Said: «My name is Jacob». 29 He said: «not your name called Jacob anymore, but Israel, because you have defeated the people of God and prevailed». Genesis

The word according to the Torah of Israel is composed of two words Sametin Kadimtin: the "secret" (in Hebrew: שָׂרָה) In other words, Gelb, and "il" (Hebrew: אֵל) any god or God. Torah and Talmud, as well as Hebrew sources other known Hebrew people or Jewish people, "the house of Israel" or "all Israel" or "Children of Israel", often shorten expression say "Israel" just as we have seen in the old saying the Talmud and the Hebrew name of Palestine is the "Erez Yisrael" any "the land of Israel." Archaeologists and historians doubt the story contained in the Bible and consider it an explanation of the recent duplication of the label that the source is due to the period in which the country underwent Kanaan for the control of Egyptian pharaohs. Was found a letter from the Pharaonic 14th century BC, which mentions the name "Israel" as the name of the people in the land of Kanaan. Nature of the relationship between the people and the children of Israel, who appeared in the land of Kanaan later period are not clear, but the message that the people of Pharaonic prove this name even before the era of the Torah.

Economy:

The Israeli economy of the most diversified economies in the Middle East and North Africa, per capita income in Israel is of the highest earners in the world with a nearly 28-thousand dollars and the economy depends on manufacturing technology and equipment, as well as on agriculture, tourism, Israel has a long tradition in the field of high technology and software diverse and present at home many of the manufacturers of computers and software Israeli or international, such as Microsoft and Intel, as well as telecommunications companies such as Motorola. Israel is a leader in the field of water reuse and desalination of water and reduce dependence on foreign energy resources. The second pillar of the Israeli economy is agriculture, where Israel is of the most self-sufficient in the field of agriculture and the export of agricultural surplus from vegetables and fruits to different countries. Also, tourism is an important source of national income which is rich in Israel, many of the main tourist spots and religious example, the wall Wailing and the Church of the Resurrection and the Dome of the Rock and many others, historical, such as Mount Msada and therapeutic Ksear Dead where the number of tourists coming to Israel in 2008, about 3 million tourists is also a trade and export of diamonds an important resource in the Israeli economy and above all, Israel receive material support much of the United States of America with an estimated financial support allocated to Israel during the next ten years by about $ 30 billion, and is America and the European Union's main partners of Israel.

Population:

Israel has a population of about 7.41 million people, according to estimates in 2008, including about 200 thousand and 250 thousand Israeli Arabs in East Jerusalem and 270 thousand in the West Bank settlements and 20 thousand Israelis in the Golan Heights constitute the age group (15-64) years the proportion of 64.2% of the population and the proportion of annual population growth of about 1.6% languages ​​are Hebrew and Arabic are the official languages ​​of the State, and the Hebrew language, the basic density in areas with Jewish and Arab areas in the densely Arab. Jews represent a rate of 77.4 percent of the population as a proportion of non-Jewish 23.6% and 16% divided as follows Muslims, Christians 1.6 and 2.2 Druze and 3.9% unspecified.

 See also: Arab citizens of Israel and Jews in Israel and Christianity and Islam in Palestine and Israel

Culture:

Building dish the book in the Israel Museum where the Dead Sea Scrolls

Israel culturally diverse ethnically and ideologically, religiously and in view of the diversity of the population of Israel and as a result of the State of Israel, mainly immigrants from different countries may carry these immigrants, many of their habits, traditions and rituals to Israel and that combined with Jewish identity, Jewish community of more communities interested in culture and dissemination [of the the author of this opinion?] has emerged in Israel, many of the literary writers, authors and are held in Israel, many book fairs famous Book Week Hebrew in addition to the spread of libraries prestigious rich in content, literary, scientific and rare manuscripts, most of the books and references in these libraries in Hebrew. The Israel Museum in Jerusalem and one of the most important cultural institutions in Israel, including its content of works of art and Jewish Erobeh addition it contains the Dead Sea Scrolls, as well as the National Museum of the Holocaust, which is Bdorhh largest archive in the world of documents and information relating to the Holocaust (Holocaust), in addition to the Museum of the Diaspora located in the University of Tel Aviv, which tells a lot about the history of the Jews around the world and the Tel Aviv Museum of Art, which was founded in 1936 and spread of many museums and art on the natural extension of the land of Israel.

Cuisine:

Israeli cuisine includes dishes and local dishes brought to the country by Jewish immigrants from around the world. Since the founding of the state in 1948, and especially since the late seventies, he appeared Fusion cuisine in Israel.

Israel took the kitchen, and continues to adapt elements of the different methods of Jewish cuisine, and especially Eastern, Sephardic, Ashkenazi cooking methods, with the Iraqi Jews, Ethiopian Jews, Indians, with the effects of Iran and Yemen. It ensures that many of the foods typically eaten in the Arab world and the Middle East and the Mediterranean, such as falafel, hummus, Chkhuckh, couscous, thyme and became synonymous with the Israeli kitchen.

Israeli cities:

Jerusalem, the national capital of Israel, in which (the headquarters of the presidency, parliament, government, the Supreme Court), but international recognition as the capital of Israel for being one of the disputed city.

Tel Aviv, its official name of Tel Aviv Yaffo, a commercial center where many of the businesses there, as it is the headquarters of most foreign embassies.

Haifa, a historic city, a city of tourism, cultural, inhabited by a high proportion of Arabs.

Beersheba, the largest city in the Negev, and is famous for its proximity to the Negev desert.

Eilat, an important Israeli port, located on the Red Sea, one of the tourist and commercial areas, can be seen from the Jordanian city of Aqaba, Eilat is located in the far south of Israel to escape to the residents of Haifa and Tel Aviv in the war.

Dimona, near Beersheba, known as military bases, and the Dimona nuclear reactor.

Transport and Communications:

Train a two-storey.

Infrastructure for the transportation sector in Israel developed and continue to evolve and expand depending on the population growth and political factors and the traffic density and manages this sector and the Ministry of Transport and Communications of Israel and the length of the network of paved roads in Israel about 17.870 km and is the road transport sector in Israel of the most sectors advanced runs Egged cooperative bus transport network of buses in Israel. Located in Israel, many of the airports most famous Ben Gurion International Airport as well as to Israel's many seaports the most important port of Eilat on the Red Sea and the port of Haifa on the Mediterranean Sea and Israel has a good network of lines, trains and light rail, with rail extends to more of 949 km, which is managed The government-owned company by Scott Israel iron.